ABSTRACT
Urolithiasis is a common urological disorder responsible for serious human affliction and cost to the society with a high recurrence rate. The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluate the phlorotannin rich extract of
To explore the effect of
The yield of
The findings of the present study suggest that
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Calcium Oxalate/antagonists & inhibitors , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Sargassum/chemistry , Tannins/pharmacology , Urolithiasis/prevention & control , Calcium Oxalate/chemistry , Calcium/analysis , Crystallization , Kidney/drug effects , Magnesium/analysis , Models, Animal , Oxalates/analysis , Phosphorus/analysis , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) a condition first described in the 1950s in the modern literature still remains elusive of a cure. For many years this condition had been confined to countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc., but now this condition is being reported from Western countries as well. Inspite of intensive research over the years into the etiologic factors of OSMF, a single etiologic factor cannot be pointed out with certainty rather several causative factors have been proposed. Patients suffering with OSMF initially present with a blanched or marble-like pale mucosa, vesiculations, and also intolerance to hot and spicy food. Gradually, the patient may develop fibrous bands in the buccal and labial mucosa which causes a restriction in opening the mouth. The evidence for the various treatment modalities for OSMF is weak hence better documentation of the studies performed with standardized criteria is required. The current review aims to refresh our knowledge regarding OSMF from an Indian perspective and make a few suggestions to fill the lacunae in this field.
Subject(s)
Aloe/therapeutic use , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Carotenoids/therapeutic use , Humans , India/epidemiology , Oral Submucous Fibrosis/drug therapy , Oral Submucous Fibrosis/epidemiology , Plants, Medicinal/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objectives: The primary objective of the following study is to determine and secondary objective is to compare the efficacy and safety of 5% amlexanox oral paste in the treatment of recurrent minor aphthous ulcers and also to evaluate the recurrence rate of aphthous ulcers over a period of 1 year. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed to have recurrent minor aphthous ulcers of which, 50 patients were advised to apply 5% amlexanox oral paste directly on the ulcer 4 times a day for 6 days and the other 50 patients were given placebo paste for the same duration. The baseline parameters were recorded on the first visit which includes ulcer size, pain, erythema and exudation. Efficacy and safety evaluations were made on the 4 th day and 6 th day. In total 30 patients with increased frequency of ulcers were advised to use 5% amlexanox paste for one whole year and the number of ulcers per month was recorded to evaluate any decrease in the recurrence rate. Results: Male patients dominated the study with 73 males and 27 females. The mean age of the total sample was 26.6 years. The amlexanox group showed marked reduction in ulcer size (P < 0.001), significant reduction in the visual analog scale scores of pain (P < 0.001), significant lower scores of erythema and exudation (P < 0.001) when compared to the placebo group on the 6 th day of follow-up. The incidence of recurrence of ulcers was significantly reduced up to the 6 th month, but thereafter recurrence rate slowly increased. Conclusions: Almost 5% of Amlexanox oral paste is clinically beneficial in reducing the pain, erythema, exudation and size of the ulcer over a period of 6 days. There was no definite conclusion drawn with respect to its effect on the recurrence rate of aphthous ulcers over a period of 1 year.
ABSTRACT
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., Fabaceae, is claimed to be of use in the control and treatment of a variety of epileptic disorders in Indian system of medicine. The present study plans to systematically evaluate T. purpurea and to verify this claim. Status epilepticus was induced in male albino rats of Wistar strain by administration of pilocarpine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) 24 h after lithium chloride (3 mEq/kg, i.p.). Different doses of the extract of T. purpurea were administered orally one hour before the injection of pilocarpine. The severity of status epilepticus was observed and recorded every 15 min till 90 min and thereafter every 30 min till 180 min, using the scoring system. The in vivo lipid peroxidation of rat brain tissue was measured. The in vitro NO free radical scavenging activity of plant extract was assessed. The interaction between plant extract and 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) was also observed for in vitro free radical scavenging activity. The severity of status epilepticus was reduced with the administration of ethanolic extract of T. purpurea. Ethanolic extract of the plant exhibited both in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract of T. purpurea was found to be useful to control lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus in albino rats of Wistar strain.
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., Fabaceae, é conhecida pelo seu uso no controle e tratamento de uma variedade de distúrbios epilépticos no sistema indiano de medicina. O presente estudo pretende avaliar de forma sistemática T. purpurea e verificar essa alegação. Status epilepticus foi induzido em ratos albinos machos da linhagem Wistar pela administração de pilocarpina (30 mg/kg, i.p.) 24 h após o cloreto de lítio (3 mEq/kg, i.p.). Diferentes doses do extrato de T. purpurea foram administrados por via oral uma hora antes da injeção de pilocarpina. A gravidade do status epilepticus foi observada e registrada a cada 15 min até 90 min e, posteriormente, a cada 30 min até 180 min, utilizando um sistema de pontuação. A peroxidação lipídica in vivo do tecido cerebral de ratos foi avaliada. A atividade captadora de radicais livres do extrato da planta foi avaliada in vitro. A interação entre o extrato da planta e 2-difenil-2-picril hidrazil (DPPH) também foi observada in vitro para atividade sequestradora de radicais livres. A gravidade do status epilepticus foi reduzida com a administração do extrato etanólico da T. purpurea. Extrato etanólico da planta apresentou, tanto in vivo quanto in vitro atividade antioxidante. O extrato etanólico da T. purpurea parece ser útil no controle de lítio de status epilepticus induzido pela pilocarpina em ratos albinos da linhagem Wistar.